Identification of the optimum time of emasculation and pollination to increase percentage of hydrid seed set in Chickpea. Chickpea is grown over an area of nearly 10 million ha in the world with a production of 7.1 million tons and productivity of 706 kg ha-1. Berry formation depends on two initial stimuli: pollination and fertilization, the latter occurring at 2–3 DAA. Emasculation is done during early morning between 6 and 8 AM in spikelets, due to open on the same day. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flowers are difficult to hybridize.Optimizing hybridization techniques would improve breeding progress and enhance cultivar development efforts. Background Two crossing techniques for hybridization of chickpea have been reported and include pollination after emasculation and pollination without emasculation. Figure 2. In fact, it seemed to lower rates of successful pollinations, which would impede breeding progress. Emasculation is done at this stage. Geletu Bejiga and Tesfaye Tessema(Lecturer and Associate professor); Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences [Corporate Author]. The Ethiopian Agricultural Research is one of the oldest and largest agricultural research system in Africa. ", Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, "Identification of the optimum time of emasculation and pollination to increase percentage of hydrid seed set in Chickpea.". The researchers also tried applying a cocktail of hormones to chickpea flowers. Pull off two or more sepals to expose the petals on one side of the flower. All the operations in artificial pollination like emasculation, bagging, application of pollen and bag removal are timed from the … The current window is too small to properly display this website. 8 Even though these stimuli normally trigger fruit set, unpollinated pistils may develop into seedless berries by the application of phytohormones, such as auxin an gibberellins, 9 which is known as artificial parthenocarpy. Stefaniak and McPhee found this process – called emasculation – does not increase cross-pollination in chickpeas. Knowledge gap on the reproductive biology of orphan crops is a major challenge to their cultivar development and genetic improvement. 8 Even though these stimuli normally trigger fruit set, unpollinated pistils may develop into seedless berries by the application of phytohormones, such as auxin an gibberellins, 9 which is known as artificial parthenocarpy. Rowers emasculated in the evening and pollinated the next day were reported by Jain (3) to give better results than those emasculated and pollinated in the same evening, although the seed set on crossing rarely exceed 15% Van Der Maeson (9) estimated hybrid seed set of 15-25% when emasculation was carried out in the afternoon followed by pollination the next morning, although evening emasculation was to be preferred. Self-pollination takes place at this stage while the keel petal remains closed, preventing the entry of foreign pollen. Emasculation and hormone treatment require a lot of time and effort. If you found this article valuable, you may wish to receive our newsletters. An experiment was conducted to identify the optimum time of emasculation and pollination of chickpea to obtain high percentage of hybrid seed set under greenhouse conditions at Debre Zeit Research Center. "A common assumption is that chickpea flowers simply do not like to be touched by human hands," says Stefaniak. These results are important. Sunflowers produce seeds due to insect pollination, and Apis mellifera L. is the most effective pollinator. They use a pair of forceps to cut the anther before the pollen has a chance to land on the female organ. Bengal Gram – Cicer arietinum (2n = 14, 16), (Channa, Chick Pea), Family – Fabaceae Chickpea is a self pollinated species with normal out crossing limited to 1.58%. 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