Rehabilitation and restoration differ in their meaning: the latter refers to partly or completely replacing the structure or functional aspects of an affected ecosystem, whereas the former attempts to return the ecosystem to its original characteristics (Field, 1999). Intensive shrimp farming has devastating environmental effects. The relevant permit approval number was ID: EPA 102-078A. First, the vegetation and nonvegetation areas were extracted from all satellite images by NDVI. Yu-Chi Chen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft. and will receive updates in the daily or weekly email digests if turned on. After mangrove removal, the species returned to their original habitats. In northern New Zealand, the Northland Regional Council granted an environmental permit (CON20031099401) to remove a 0.26-ha fringe of mangrove trees from Mangawhai Harbour to improve water access; this project was remarkable in that it enabled researchers to observe what ecological consequences removing mangroves has on estuarine ecosystems (Alfaro, 2010). WMA: cleared and mown habitat "Following" is like subscribing to any updates related to a publication. And research indicates they store four times as much carbon as other tropical forests. The benthic biomass was significantly different at periods before and after mangrove removal (one-way ANOVA, F = 5.571, p = 0.022). Mangrove and seagrass ecosystems are widespread coastal and estuarine environments found in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Note: You are now also subscribed to the subject areas of this publication Root material was weighed wet and again after drying to constant weight at 60°C. You can add specific subject areas through your profile settings. To maintain tidal mudflats, mangrove seedlings were removed from the Hong Kong Mai Po Ramsar Site; the result was elevated biodiversity (WWF Hong Kong, 2006). The benthic density was 1 to 4 ind./m2 and the species varied from 0 to 3 at sampling stations A1, A2, A3, and A5 before mangrove removal. This provides the small juvenile fishes benign physical environment to settle. (Taiwan) (Project number: EPA 102-078A). Consistent with our results, Alfaro (2010) clearly demonstrated the effects of mangrove removal on the characteristics benthic fauna. The relevant equation is EVI = G × (NIR − RED)/(NIR + C1 × RED − C 2 × Blue + L) (Huete, Justice & Van Leewen, 1999), where EVI is a modified NDVI with enhanced vegetation monitoring ability, achieved by decoupling the cover background signals and the atmospheric interference (Huete, Justice & Van Leewen, 1999). The expansion of mangroves often blocks the waterways. The results indicate that mangrove removal can be an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms. Geomorphologic dynamics and maintenance following mudflat, creek and pond formation in an estuarine mangrove wetland, Eco-environmental impact assessment of pre-leisure beach nourishment on the benthic invertebrate community at Anping coast, Taiwan, Development of a salinity-secondary flow-approach model to predict mangrove spreading, Prediction of rice crop yield using MODIS EVI-LAI data in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, The physical and ecological impacts of mangrove expansion and mangrove removal: Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand, Capability of NDVI technique in detecting mangrove vegetation, Ethnobiology, socioeconomics and management of mangrove forests: a review, Management plan for the Mai Po nature reserve, The salinity gradient influences on the inundation tolerance thresholds of mangrove forests, Status of coastal wildlife protection area (Siangshan Wetland) in HsinChu City, 2013 symposium on animal behavior and ecology, O07-10, 2014 congress of animal behavior & ecology, O4-7, SH104a1/ EPA 102-078A /Taiwan Wetland Society. 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effects of mangrove removal

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