The war started because Sparta had gotten all the spoil and credit for conquering Athens, which upset Sparta’s allies. [48], In 389 BC, the Athenians attacked the island of Aegina, off the coast of Attica. [30], As a reward for his success, Pharnabazus was allowed to marry the king's daughter. Pages: 345. The events of 394 BC left the Spartans with the upper hand on land, but weak at sea. Sparta, meanwhile, in its newly formalized position atop the Greek political system, took advantage of the autonomy clause of the peace to break up any coalition that it perceived as a threat. These exiles went to the Spartans, based at this time at Sicyon, for support, while the Athenians and Boeotians came up to support the democrats. The city decided not to harbor the defeated Athenian troops, but instead sent heralds to the Spartans. [9] Despite the absence of these states, Agesilaus campaigned effectively against the Persians in Lydia, advancing as far inland as Sardis. Overall, a group of four city-states decided to build a coalition (Thebes, Corinth, Athens, and Argos) so that they could defeat Sparta. The anti-Spartan parties started as soon as the Peloponnesian War ended as Sparta did not share the spoils of war with the allies who fought with her. Rome against Carthage. It is said he wryly observed, but for ten thousand Persian "archers", he would have vanquished all Asia. The Oxyrhynchus Historian and the Origins of the Corinthian War 301 Spartans] treated the opposing [i. e. opposed to Androclidas and Ismenias] citizens as their friends. Corinthian War (395 B.C.–86 B.C. [52] After escaping from the blockade at Abydos, Antalcidas attacked and defeated a small Athenian force, then united his fleet with a supporting fleet sent from Syracuse. The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of Thebes, Athens, Corinth and Argos, backed by the Achaemenid Empire. [6] Sparta's allies were further alienated when, in 402 BC, Sparta attacked and subdued Elis, a member of the Peloponnesian League that had angered the Spartans during the course of the Peloponnesian War. The Corinthian War that was fought in 395-387BCE. He dispatched Timocrates of Rhodes, an Asiatic Greek, to distribute ten thousand gold darics in the major cities of the mainland and incite them to act against Sparta. Hellenica Source: Plutarch. The freedom of the Ionian Greeks had been a rallying cry since the beginning of the 5th century, but after the Corinthian War, the mainland states made no further attempts to interfere with Persia's control of the region. The forces met at the dry bed of the Nemea River, in Corinthian territory, where the Spartans won a decisive victory. The Athenians, mindful of their similar defeat in the Peloponnesian War less than two decades before, were ready to make peace.[53]. A sizable force was sent out from Sparta to challenge this force. [33] Although Conon quickly escaped, he died soon afterward. [47], After this, the Spartans sent out a new commander, Anaxibius, to Abydos. Charles Anthon, L.L.D. The fleet had already seized Rhodes from Spartan control in 396 BC. (...) Pharnabazus, upon hearing this, eagerly dispatched him to Athens and gave him additional money for the rebuilding of the walls. By this time, Agesilaus's army, after brushing off attacks from the Thessalians during its march through that country, had arrived in Boeotia, where it was met by an army gathered from the various states of the anti-Spartan alliance. The Spartans fought determinedly, particularly in the vicinity of Peisander's ship, but were eventually overwhelmed; large numbers of ships were sunk or captured, and the Spartan fleet was essentially wiped from the sea. In the 5th century BCE, Athens united the city-states in order to fight Persian invasions and ended up creating an Athenian empire. Corinth and Thebes refused to send troops to assist Sparta in its campaign against Elis. Using the quiz and worksheet, you can identify how much you know about the Corinthian War. The Corinthian War followed the Peloponnesian War(431–404 BC), … [34], In the wake of the unsuccessful conference in Persia, Tiribazus returned to Susa to report on events, and a new general, Struthas, was sent out to take command. Military conflicts similar to or like Corinthian War Ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states, Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, backed by the Achaemenid Empire. [37], After Iphicrates's victories near Corinth, no more major land campaigns were conducted in that region. [4] After 8 years of fighting, the Corinthian war was at an end. 335 BCE to 323 BCE. The conference thus failed, but Tiribazus, alarmed by Conon's actions, arrested him, and secretly provided the Spartans with money to equip a fleet. [43], In 388 BC, Agesipolis led a Spartan army against Argos. [27] This strategy to threaten Sparta had already been recommended, in vain, by the exiled Spartan Demaratus to Xerxes I in 480 BC. Source: Xenophon. This war, called the Corinthian War (395–386) because much of it took place on Corinthian territory, was fought against Sparta by a coalition of Athens (with help from Persia), Boeotia, Corinth, and Argos. ), armed conflict between Corinth, Argos, Thebes, and Athens on one side and Sparta on the other. A sizable force was sent out from Sparta to challenge this force. [36], At Corinth, the democratic party continued to hold the city proper, while the exiles and their Spartan supporters held Lechaeum, from where they raided the Corinthian countryside. [60], In the years following the signing of the peace, the two states responsible for its structure, Persia and Sparta, took full advantage of the gains they had made. [24] The Persians, meanwhile, had already assembled a joint Phoenician, Cilician, and Cypriot fleet, under the joint command of Achaemenid satrap Pharnabazus II and the experienced Athenian admiral Conon who was in self-exile and in the service of the Achaemenids after his infamous defeat at the Battle of Aegospotami. Ecdicus arrived at Rhodes to find the democrats fully in control, and in possession of more ships than him, and thus waited at Cnidus. Despite the collaborative nature of the victory, Sparta alone received the plunder taken from the defeated states and the tribute payments from the former Athenian Empire. In 404 BCE, Sparta emerged victorious, claiming Athens' title of hegemon, the most powerful of the Greek city-states. The immediate cause of the war was a local conflict in northwest Greece in which both Thebes and Sparta intervened. This war was fought between Sparta and many other city-states. Overall, a group of four city-states decided to build a coalition (Thebes, Corinth, Athens, and Argos) so that they could defeat Sparta. The Athenians learned of this, and sent Conon and several others to present their case to the Persians; they also notified their allies, and Argos, Corinth, and Thebes dispatched embassies to Tiribazus. Ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, Initial fighting: Battle of Haliartus (395 BC), Achaemenid naval campaign and assistance to Athens (393 BC), "Persian coins were stamped with the figure of an archer, and Agesilaus said, as he was breaking camp, that the King was driving him out of Asia with ten thousand "archers"; for so much money had been sent to Athens and Thebes and distributed among the popular leaders there, and as a consequence those people made war upon the Spartans" Plutarch 15-1-6 in. The Corinthian War followed the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), in which Sparta had achieved hegemony over Athens and its allies. There, he was put on trial for his life for failing to arrive and support Lysander at the designated time. Fichier: PDF, 20,03 MB. [50], The Spartans then sent Teleutias to Aegina to command the fleet there. Xenophon claims that, unwilling to challenge Sparta directly, the Thebans instead choose to precipitate a war by encouraging their allies, the Locrians, to collect taxes from territory claimed by both Locris and Phocis. Corinthian War (395 BC–86 BC), armed conflict between Corinth, Argos, Thebes, and Athens on one side and Sparta on the other. Who fought in this war and why it happened are some topics you need to know in order to do well on the quiz. Rome, Carthage against Greece. [35] Thibron was later replaced by Diphridas, who raided more successfully, securing a number of small successes and even capturing Struthas's son-in-law, but never achieved any dramatic results. The Corinthian war was fought on both land, and sea. Rome against Carthage. [27], After being convinced by Conon that allowing him to rebuild the Long Walls around Piraeus, the main port of Athens, would be a major blow to the Lacedaemonians, Pharnabazus eagerly gave Conon a fleet of 80 triremes and additional funds to accomplish this task. Seeing that the rest of their force had been defeated, the Thebans formed up to break back through to their camp. First Punic War. The coalition army lost 2,800 men, while the Spartans and their allies lost only 1,100.[22]. There, he was killed in the Battle of Haliartus after bringing his force too near the walls of the city; the battle ended inconclusively, with the Spartans suffering early losses but then defeating a group of Thebans who pursued the Spartans onto rough terrain where they were at a disadvantage. The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states; Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos; which were initially backed by Persia.The immediate cause of the war was a local conflict in northwest Greece in which both Thebes and Sparta intervened. The coalition states had been unable to defeat the Spartan phalanx in the field, but had kept their alliance strong and prevented the Spartans from moving at will through central Greece. [4] Under threat of Spartan intervention, Thebes disbanded its league, and Argos and Corinth ended their experiment in shared government; Corinth, deprived of its strong ally, was incorporated back into Sparta's Peloponnesian League. He then sailed to Lesbos, where, with the support of the Mytileneans, he defeated the Spartan forces on the island and won over a number of cities. The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states, Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, who were initially backed by Persia. [21], After a brief engagement between Thebes and Phocis, in which Thebes was victorious, the allies gathered a large army at Corinth. A Classical Dictionary. 300-13. The Corinthian War (395-386 BC) saw the Spartans, with eventual Persian aid, defeat an alliance of Thebes, Corinth, Argos and Athens and apparently remain the dominant power on mainland Greece. Agesilaus's force from Asia, composed largely of emancipated helots and mercenary veterans of the Ten Thousand, was augmented by half a Spartan regiment from Orchomenus, and another half a regiment that had been transported across the Gulf of Corinth. After a brief engagement between Thebes and Phocis, in which Thebes was victorious, the allies gathered a large army at Corinth. The Corinthian War The Corinthian War started in 395 BC and ended in 387 BC. "Agesilaus." [11] Timocrates visited Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and Argos, and succeeded in persuading powerful factions in each of those states to pursue an anti-Spartan policy. [27] With the assistance of the rowers of the fleet, and the workers paid for by the Persian money, the construction was soon completed.[28]. The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of Thebes, Athens, Corinth and Argos, backed by the Achaemenid Empire. [27] Eventually they left due to scarce resources and few harbors for the Achaemenid fleet in the area, as well as the looming possibility of Lacedaemonian relief forces being dispatched. By the middle of the 4th century, they had assembled an organization of Aegean states commonly known as the Second Athenian League, regaining at least parts of what they had lost with their defeat in 404 BC. Why the Corinthian War Was Fought… Posted In: Ancient Civilizations 7/30/09 By: Yona Williams From 395 BC to 387 BC, the Corinthian War involved a handful of ancient Greek city-states, including the mighty Spartans and the popular Athenians. Struthas pursued an anti-Spartan policy, prompting the Spartans to order their commander in the region, Thibron, to attack him. Lives of Plutarch In late 395 BC, Corinth and Argos entered the war as co-belligerents with Athens and Thebes. In this climate, when Tiribazus called a peace conference in late 387 BC, the major parties of the war were ready to discuss terms. Alarmed by these Athenian successes towards the end of the conflict, the Persians stopped backing the allies and began supporting Sparta. Athens quickly took advantage of its possession of walls and a fleet to seize the islands of Scyros, Imbros, and Lemnos, on which it established cleruchies (citizen colonies). The Corinthian war against the Corcyrans was the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time. Second Punic War/Hannibalic War. According to the terms of this peace treaty: In a general peace conference at Sparta, the Spartans, with their authority enhanced by the threat of Persian intervention, secured the acquiescence of all the major states of Greece to these terms. While still on Lesbos, however, Thrasybulus was killed by raiders from the city of Aspendus. In 398 BCE the anti-Spartan parties became more aggressive with Ismenias leading the way in Thebes. Agesilaus returned home shortly after these events, but Iphicrates continued to campaign around Corinth, recapturing many of the strong points which the Spartans had previously taken, although he was unable to retake Lechaeum. [42] The next year, the Acarnanians made peace with the Spartans to avoid further invasions. As often happened in hoplite battles, the right flank of each army was victorious, with the Spartans defeating the Athenians while the Thebans, Argives, and Corinthians defeated the various Peloponnesians opposite them; the Spartans then attacked and killed a number of Argives, Corinthians, and Thebans as these troops returned from pursuing the defeated Peloponnesians. With Agesilaus at the head of the state, advocating for an aggressive policy, the Spartans campaigned from the Peloponnese to the distant Chalcidic peninsula. With this force, which was soon further augmented with ships supplied by the satraps of the region, he sailed to the Hellespont, where he could cut off the trade routes that brought grain to Athens. At sea, the Spartan fleet was decisively defeated early in the war by an Achaemenid fleet allied with Athens, an event that effectively ended Sparta's attempts to become a naval power. The treatment of Spartan Allies after the Peloponnesian war and as well as a fear of a overseas Spartan Empire. Amongst the most influential people in Sparta were Lysander, the adm… There were some parts of the wall, however, which the Athenians themselves, as well as volunteers from Boeotia and from other states, aided in building. The immediate cause of the war was a local conflict in northwest Greece in which both Thebes and Sparta intervened. [49], Shortly thereafter, the Spartan fleet under Gorgopas ambushed the Athenian fleet near Athens, capturing several ships. With the initial backing of Persia, the city-states were confident in the war they raged. The war was fought on two fronts, on land most Corinth hence the cause and Thebes and at sea in the Aegean. The Spartans then dispatched their fleet from the Gulf of Corinth, under Teleutias, to assist. He also funded the rebuilding of a Corinthian fleet to resist the Spartans. Agesilaus did so, but simultaneously began preparing a sizable navy.[10]. The Spartans were in a… After picking up more ships at Samos, Teleutias took command at Cnidus and commenced operations against Rhodes. Pyrrhic War. [57], The agreement eventually produced was commonly known as the King's Peace, reflecting the Persian influence the treaty showed. Noticing that the Athenians had relaxed their guard after Chabrias's victory, he launched a raid on Piraeus, seizing numerous merchant ships. In 395 BC, after the end of the Peloponnesian War, Corinth and Thebes, ... Demosthenes recounts how Athens had fought the Spartans in a great battle near Corinth. It was so named because much of the war occurred in Corinthian territory. [3] The Corinthian War followed the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), in which Sparta had achieved hegemony over Athens and its allies. [16], The Spartan plan called for two armies, one under Lysander and the other under Pausanias, to rendezvous at and attack the Boeotian city of Haliartus. Envoyer vers Kindle ou courriel . The satrap Tissaphernes was executed for his failure to contain Agesilaus, and his replacement, Tithraustes, bribed the Spartans to move north, into the satrapy of Pharnabazus, Hellespontine Phrygia. [45] Following the failure of the peace conferences of 392 BC, the Spartans sent a small fleet, under the commander Ecdicus, to the Aegean with orders to assist oligarchs exiled from Rhodes. The Locrians appealed to Thebes for assistance, and the Thebans invaded Phocian territory; the Phocians, in turn, appealed to their ally, Sparta, and the Spartans, pleased to have a pretext to discipline the Thebans, ordered general mobilization. In this article, you will learn the reason why the Corinthian War broke out in the first place. 264 BCE to 241 BCE. The forces met at the dry bed of the Nemea River, in Corinthian territory, where the Spartans won a decisive victory. After initial difficulties in coming to grips with the Acarnanians, who kept to the mountains and avoided engaging him directly, Agesilaus was eventually able to draw them into a pitched battle, in which the Acarnanians were routed and lost a number of men. [27], They then raided the coast of Laconia and seized the island of Cythera, where they left a garrison and an Athenian governor to cripple Sparta's offensive military capabilities. Prévisualiser. (1841). The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states; Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos; which were initially backed by Persia. In fact, the winning side was the old combination that had proved victorious in the This treaty placed Greece under Persian suzerainty[58][59] and marked the first attempt at a Common Peace in Greek history; under the treaty, all cities were to be autonomous, a clause that would be enforced by the Spartans as guardians of the peace. Veuillez d'abord vous connecter à votre compte ; Avez-vous besoin d'aide? As … The Corinthian War followed the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), in which Sparta had achieved hegemony over Athens and its allies. "Agesilaus." Corinthian War. [27] Their aim was probably to instigate a revolt of the Messanian helots against Sparta. This treaty declared that Persia would control all of Ionia, and proclaimed that all other Greek cities would be "autonomous" (αὐτονόμους), in effect prohibiting Greek cities from forming leagues, alliances or coalitions. These events are best described by Xenophon, at, "IGII2 6217 Epitaph of Dexileos, cavalryman killed in Corinthian war (394 BC)", 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corinthian_War&oldid=998457031, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Perlman, S. "The Causes and the Outbreak of the Corinthian War,", This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 13:25. Google Analytics. The King's Peace (387 BC), also known as the Peace of Antalcidas, was a peace treaty guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes II that ended the Corinthian War in ancient Greece. [17] Lysander, arriving before Pausanias, successfully persuaded the city of Orchomenus to revolt from the Boeotian confederacy, and advanced to Haliartus with his troops and a force of Orchomenians. [46], Alarmed by this Spartan naval resurgence, the Athenians sent out a fleet of 40 triremes under Thrasybulus. [27], Pharnabazus II, leaving part of his fleet in Cythera, then went to Corinth, where he gave Sparta's rivals funds to further threaten the Lacedaemonians. [18], In the wake of these events, both the Spartans and their opponents prepared for more serious fighting to come. [27], The fleet proceeded further west to take revenge on the Spartans by invading Lacedaemonian territory, where they laid waste to Pherae and raided along the Messenian coast. [15] A Theban embassy was dispatched to Athens to request support; the Athenians voted to assist Thebes, and a perpetual alliance was concluded between Athens and the Boeotian confederacy. The war was fought on two fronts, on land near Corinth (hence the name) and Thebes and at sea in the Aegean. [27] Cythera in effect became Achaemenid territory. Année: 1979. Corinthian War in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome ; View overview page for this topic This category contains historical battles fought as part of the Corinthian War (395 BC–387 BC).Please see the category guidelines for more information. During the battle, Iphicrates took advantage of the Spartans' lack of peltasts to repeatedly harass the regiment with hit-and-run attacks, wearing the Spartans down until they broke and ran, at which point a number of them were slaughtered. [19], Alarmed by these developments, the Spartans prepared to send out an army against this new alliance, and sent a messenger to Agesilaus ordering him to return to Greece. Angered by Sparta's tyrannical overlordship in Greece after the Peloponnesian War, several Greek states took advantage of Sparta's involvement in war with Persia to challenge Spartan supremacy. The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states; Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos; which were initially backed by Persia. A council was formed at Corinth to manage the affairs of this alliance. [30] A second peace conference was held at Sparta in the same year, but the proposals made there were again rejected by the allies, both because of the implications of the autonomy principle and because the Athenians were outraged that the terms proposed would have involved abandoning the Ionian Greeks to Persia. It appears that the Persians, unnerved by certain of Athens' actions, including supporting king Evagoras of Cyprus and Akoris of Egypt, both of whom were at war with Persia, had decided that their policy of weakening Sparta by supporting its enemies was no longer useful. 205 BCE to 200 BCE. [27] Pharnabazus dispatched Conon with substantial funds and a large part of the fleet to Attica, where he joined in the rebuilding of the long walls from Athens to Piraeus, a project that had been initiated by Thrasybulus in 394 BC. The deeper cause was hostility towards Sparta, provoked by that city's "expansionism in Asia Minor, central and northern Greece and even the west". Achetez neuf ou d'occasion The Corinthian War was succeeded by the Theban–Spartan War of 378–362 BC, in which Sparta would finally lose its hegemony, this time to Thebes. For a time, he enjoyed a number of successes against Pharnabazus, and seized a number of Athenian merchant ships. By levying ships from the Aegean states under his control, Agesilaus had raised a force of 120 triremes, which he placed under the command of his brother-in-law Peisander, who had never held a command of this nature before. [27] Abydus and Sestus were the only cities to refuse to expel the Lacedemonians despite threats from Pharnabazus to make war on them. He fled to Tegea before he could be convicted. [27] Seizing Cythera also had the effect of cutting the strategic route between Peloponnesia and Egypt and thus avoiding Spartan-Egyptian collusion, and directly threatening Taenarum, the harbour of Sparta. In a night attack, the Spartans and exiles succeeded in seizing Lechaeum, Corinth's port on the Gulf of Corinth, and defeated the army that came out to challenge them the next day. Corinthian War (395 to 386 bc) in Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World ; Corinthian War (395 to 386 bc) in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) 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