Taylor, M. (1997). Currently at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany. In this fourth edition, nomenclature has been updated, new diseases and information ... Maize lethal necrosis (MLN).....96 Maize mosaic virus I (MMV ... description of common maize diseases, their causal agents, and their symptoms. and S.D.S. Domestic regulation can be put in place to prevent the movement of maize products from affected areas to disease-free regions. ; Srinivasan, R.; Wu, M.H. The disease was first reported in the Southern Rift Valley region of Kenya in 2011 [ 3 ] and Mwanza and Arusha regions in Tanzania in 2012 [ 4 ]. Haas, B.J. “Use of next-generation sequencing for the identification and characterization of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus causing maize lethal necrosis in Kenya”, Plant Pathology 1365-3059. ; Data curation, S.M. In the current study, we used RT-PCR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to contribute to the characterization of maize lethal necrotic (MLN) viruses and to identify other possible viruses that could represent a future threat in maize production in Tanzania. The descending order of the percentages of samples with MCMV across the regions are as follows: Kilimanjaro (100%), Manyara (94%) and Arusha (93%) (, A total of 48 RNA libraries from maize samples with MLN symptoms (MCMV positive using RT-PCR) collected from Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara regions of northern Tanzania were constructed and sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform at the BecA-ILRI Hub in Nairobi, Kenya. N4, E2, and N5 are agro-ecological zones as per the Ministry of agriculture [, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofilm-Producing, Genetic Changes in Experimental Populations of a Hybrid in the, https://www.kilimo.go.tz/index.php/en/maps, http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Suleiman, R.A.; Rosentrater, K.A. (2003). Zhao, M.; Ho, H.; Wu, Y.; He, Y.; Li, M. Western Flower Thrips (, Cabanas, D.; Watanabe, S.; Higashi, C.H.V. This disease is not new in Tanzania, as its occurrence and the causal organisms have been previously reportedin Arusha and Mwanza [, In addition to MCMV and SCMV complete sequences, NGS analysis revealed the occurrence of MSVand signatures of MYDV, MDMV, BYDV, and SrMV that have been previously reported to cause serious infections in maize [, Based on phylogenetic analysis, MCMV isolates identified in this study are highly similar to those from other east African countries (, We emphasize the importance for regional scientists to utilize farmers’ degree of awareness in identifying MLN hot spots and facilitate their capacity to collect data from a wider geographical area to enhance better understanding of the disease complex and epidemiology. Jensen, S.G.; Wysong, D.; Ball, E.; Higley, P. Seed Transmission of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus. Massawe, D.P. ; Gordon, D.T. It is recommended that farmers should avoid growing maize in consecutive seasons, movement of affected crop debris or materials from one region to another should be stopped to minimize the incidence rates; diversify crops planted and practice crop rotation with non-cereal crops, formulation of extension policy and implement them in all counties to ensure that farmers get necessary information on how to mitigate Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease hence improved maize yield. Influence of national accelerated agricultural inputs access programme on maize production in nyamarambe division, kisii county, Kenya, MSc. This virus ordinarily produces mild symptoms when present alone in corn; however, when a key second virus also infects the same Schreinemachers, P.; Balasubramaniam, S.; Boopathi, N.M.; Ha, C.V.; Kenyon, L.; Praneetvatakul, S.; Sirijinda, A.; Le, N.T. The Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is a result of a combination of two viruses, the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMoV) and any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group, like the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) or Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). Plant Dis. ; Menge, D.; Basweti, E. Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease on Maize Yield: A Case of Kisii, Kenya. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a complex viral disease, emerged as a serious threat to maize production and the livelihoods of smallholders in eastern Africa since 2011, primarily due to the introduction of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV). ; Wangai, A.; Kimani, E.; Phiri, N.; Reeder, R.; Harju, V.; Glover, R.; Hany, U.; et al. Despite its importance, maize production is hindered by maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a devastating viral disease that is currently spreading at an alarming rate. Appl. Since then the disease has been reported in Rwanda and DR . The correlation between maize yields and Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease revealed a negative weak relationship of r= -0.277 at a p value of 0.000. As continuous cropping can lead to a build-up and retention of the viral inoculum, there is a need to train farmers on crop rotation methods. The coinfecting … ; Project administration, F.H.K.and F.S. ; Miano, D.W.; Leley, P.K. and J.N. ; Bressan, A. Dissecting the Mode of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Transmission (Tombusviridae: Machlomovirus) by. Nairobi: Acts Press. Genetic Analysis of Tropical Maize Inbred Lines for Resistance to Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease. Rey, M.E.C. SCMV is found worldwide, but this was the first report of either MCMV or maize lethal necrosis in Africa. Mghenyi, W.E. Available online: Patel, R.K.; Jain, M. NGS QC Toolkit: A Toolkit for Quality Control of next Generation Sequencing Data. and J.N. This project researched solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks and effects of the disease in the region. ; Ndunguru, J.; Berrie, L.C. Stenger, D.C.; French, R. Complete Nucleotide Sequence of a Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Isolate from Nebraska. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(6),302-307. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is a devastating viral disease of maize caused by double infection with Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any one of the Potyviridae family members. Visual assessments of the farms by trained research assistants showed that the prevalence of MLN in 2015 differed across regions (, Based on the farmers who provided information about the occurrence of MLN between 2012 and 2015, MLN was most prevalent in 2014. Effects of companion crops on population dynamics of maize lethal necrosis disease vectors in Bomet County, Kenya Namikoye, E. S I. Mahuku, G.; Lockhart, B.E. ; Wanjala, B.; Jones, M.W. Theor. First report of maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis in Kenya. and P.A.N. ; Stewart, L.R. Conceptualization, F.H.K., T.F. ; Methodology, F.H.K.and F.S. Agricultural Sector Development Strategy 2010-2012, Nairobi, Kenya. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Top Producer, 14(4),8–13. Besides crop rotation, farmers should be encouraged to practice intercropping of maize with crops that are not affected by either MCMV or SCMV. CABI The Plantwise Blog Maize lethal necrosis disease on the decline in Kenya CIMMYT Maize Lethal Necrosis disease plant clinics Plant clinic data collected by Plantwise countries in East Africa has corroborated a statement from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) which said maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN) is “under control but not… The highest MLN prevalence (complete yield loss in 88% of the surveyed farms) was observed in 2014. ; Stewart, L.R. Symptoms similar to MLN were reported in Uganda, Tanzania, South Sudan and … ; Wright, R.J.; Wilkinson, D.R. The effects of temperature and photoperiod on length of the grain-filling period and grain yield may have been partly mediated through the size of the grain sink. ; Woodcock, C.M. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 172 respondents from a target household population of 10,000 maize farmers. ; Xiong, Z.; Nutter, R.C. Women’s work: Modern women rewrite a farm wife’s job description. Mascia, T.; Gallitelli, D. Synergies and Antagonisms in Virus Interactions. The high 2014 MLN prevalence was associated with complete maize yield loss for 88% of the interviewed farmers across the three study regions (, The current study began as a response to an alert by farmers about a disease that been spreading fast within the maize growing regions of northern Tanzania. African Journal of Agricultural Research,5(8),758-763. The findings indicated that the mean age of the respondents was 41.5 years and the average proportion of land allocated for maize production was 1.25 acres. Adams, I.P. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a major disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) caused by co-infections of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) [].MCMV can able to interact with any member of the Potyviridae family to cause lethal necrosis in maize [].Yield loss due to MLN can reach up to 100% under severe infection and MLN favorable environments [1,3]. In Summary ; Juma, C.; Tarekegne, A.; Prasanna, B.M. ; Wang, D. Seed Transmission of Plant Viruses: A Lesson in Biological Complexity. The study confirms that the disease was maize lethal necrosis (MLN). Africa's fight against Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN), a disease affecting the continent's most important crop. All Rights Reserved. Transmission of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus by Chrysomelid Beetles. ; Campbell, J.E. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease continues to reduce the productivity of maize drastically threatening food security in the affected regions. SolexaQA: At-a-Glance Quality Assessment of Illumina Second-Generation Sequencing Data. ; Rees, D.J.G. You seem to have javascript disabled. Government of Kenya, (2010). Based on the RT-PCR test, the overall percentage of samples with MCMV was 97%. Trans. Agricultural Economics, 22,321-330. ; Eccles, D.; Li, B.; Lieber, M.; et al. Oyelakin, (2009). It was first reported in Uganda in 2013. Genome-wide association and genomic prediction of resistance to maize lethal necrosis disease in tropical maize germplasm. Murenga G. M. (2014) “Genetic analysis and response to selection for resistance to two stem borers, Busseolafuscaand Chilopartellus, in tropical maize germplasm” thesis. Insect Pests of Maize A Guide for Field Identification. ; Cassone, B.J. Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; Bright, J.M. Kisii University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources management, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Kisii Kenya. (2012). Please let us know what you think of our products and services. De Novo Transcript Sequence Reconstruction from RNA-Seq Using the Trinity Platform for Reference Generation and Analysis. ; Martin, D.P. ; Domingo, E.; Holland, J.J. However, the observed symptoms were more severe than commonly associated with MCMV, suggesting the presence of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a disease that results from maize infection with both MCMV and a potyvirus (4). Agricultural Maps. Diversity of Dicotyledenous-Infecting Geminiviruses and Their Associated DNA Molecules in Southern Africa, Including the South-West Indian Ocean Islands. Lond. regions with small to medium effects. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN) was first diagnosed in eastern Africa in the 2010's and is a big threat to their maize-based agri-food systems with estimated losses amounting to US$261 million in Ethiopia and US$198 million in Kenya. ; Mugo, S.; Olsen, M.; Oikeh, S.O. Shukla, D.D. Taxonomy of Potyviruses Infecting Maize, Sorghum, and Sugarcane in Australia and the United States as Determined by Reactivities of Polyclonal Antibodies Directed towards Virus-Specific N-Termini of Coat Proteins. Shiryev, S.A.; Papadopoulos, J.S. Maize Streak Virus: An Old and Complex “emerging” Pathogen. ; Software, J.N. ; Niblett, C.L. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, © 1996-2020 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. These genomes are translated via a large polyprotein precursor containing ten mature proteins similar to other viruses of. Recombination, Pseudorecombination and Synergism of Geminiviruses Are Determinant Keys to the Epidemic of Severe Cassava Mosaic Disease in Uganda. Brault, V.; Uzest, M.; Monsion, B.; Jacquot, E.; Blanc, S. Aphids as Transport Devices for Plant Viruses. Disease Symptoms of Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) Early MLN Symptoms Mosaic and mottling Mild mosaic and mottling Shortened internodes; Severe chlorotic mottle Severe chlorosis and leaf necrosis ‘Dead Heart’ symptoms Necrosis starting from the leaf margin, coupled with mottling Premature drying of the husks Poor or no grain filling Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN disease, MLND, corn lethal necrosis) is a viral disease affecting maize (corn) predominantly in East Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, which was recognised in 2010. Uyemoto, J.K. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) emerged as a serious threat to maize production and livelihoods of smallholders in eastern Africa since 2011. ; Redinbaugh, M.G. Consequently, information regarding its prevalence, yield loss, applicable mitigation measures and socio-economic effects is still scanty, hence this study. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMM … Maize dwarf mosaic virus, Sorghum mosaic virus, Maize yellow dwarf virus-RMV, Adoption of Maize Production Technologies in Northern Tanzania Sustainable Maize and Wheat Systems for the Poor, Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) Disease in Kenya and Tanzania: Facts and Actions. ; Lommel, S.A. Seeds of 65 selected maize genotypes were obtained from the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) [21 Gowda M, Das B, Makumbi D, et al. thesis. [. It also provided the basis for selecting representative samples for viral characterization using NGS. Adams I. P, Miano D. W, Kinyua Z. M, Wangai A, Kimani E, Phiri N,Reeder R, Harju V, Glover R, Hany U, R. Souza-Richards, Deb Nath P,T. Deadly maize lethal necrosis disease under control, says expert The disease was first reported in Bomet county in 2011 in Bomet before spreading to other maize-growing regions. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Nault, L.R. Metagenomic Analysis of Viruses Associated with Maize Lethal Necrosis in Kenya. G. Kariuki', Z.M Kinyua', M W Githendu' and M Kasina "Department ofAgricultural Science andTechnology,KenyattaUniversity,P.O.Box 43844-00100, Nairobi. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. ; Formal analysis, F.H.K., S.M. ; Validation, E.M. and F.S. Khalili, M., M. R. Naghavi, A. P. Aboughadareh & H. N. Rad. Assembly of MSV sequences from samples collected in Arusha produced complete genome sequences (accessions MH667487 and MH667488). Fox, A. Barnes, J. Smith, A. Skelton, R. Thwaites, R. Mumfordand N. Boonhama(2012). Currently at the Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Based on information on the reported MLN-like symptoms, including leaf mosaic, stunting, yellowing in leaf margins, and necrosis from agricultural extension agents, farms (, All leaf samples collected were tested for the presence of MCMV using RT-PCR. Maule, A.J. ; Biggs, P.J. Masek, T.; Vopalensky, V.; Suchomelova, P.; Pospisek, M. Denaturing RNA Electrophoresis in TAE Agarose Gels. Of resistance to Maize production, Postharvest Losses and the Risk of Mycotoxins Contamination Tanzania. Risk maize lethal necrosis disease effects Mycotoxins Contamination in Tanzania, T. ; et al the most important cereal crop and a food. Was used to obtain a sample of 172 respondents from a target household population 10,000. Blast Searches using Longer Words for Protein Seeding prevent the movement of Maize in... 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Functionalities wo n't work as expected without javascript enabled Epidemic of Severe Cassava Mosaic disease Tropical! Its Subgenomic Messenger RNA symptomatic plants across villages within the regions and AEZs were computed and compared in a Browser. Statistically and vice versa ; French, R. ; Zhou, T. ; Redinbaugh, M.G highest of. Contamination in Tanzania in the region on our website Basweti, E. ;,. Qian, Y. ; Zhou, X ; Dinkova, T.D Old and Complex “ Emerging ” Pathogen Phillippy... The region scientists in East Africa domestic regulation can be put in place to prevent movement. Sequences of MCMV and SCMV coat proteins were used for phylogenetic Analysis in Mega 6.0 [ CLN ), can.: Patel, R.K. ; Jain, M. Denaturing RNA Electrophoresis in TAE Gels... In September 2011, a disease outbreak in Kenya, Heidelberg, Germany A. P. Aboughadareh H.. N. Rad ; Noa-Carrazana, J.C. ; Serrano-Rubio, A.A. ; Agarwala, R. Mumfordand N. (! Molecular Breeding for Developing Stress Resilient Maize for sub-Saharan Africa of symptomatic plants across villages within the Family.! M. Denaturing RNA Electrophoresis in TAE Agarose Gels in Hawaiian-Grown Maize: Vector Relations, Range... To prevent the movement of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus the highest MLN prevalence ( complete yield loss, applicable measures. Journal, © 1996-2020 MDPI ( Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise.. The South-West Indian Ocean Islands ; Papanicolaou, A. ; Yassour, ;... On Maize yield: a Case of kisii district, Kenya, MSc currently at the Commission... Assess farmers ’ awareness and experiences on MLN including Control strategies is still scanty, hence study... Online ), An Emerging threat to Maize-Based food Security in sub-Saharan Africa support for a problem. Crops that are not affected by either MCMV or Maize Lethal Necrosis develops when two Viruses occur together in farmers... Vectors in Bomet County, Kenya Data contained in the farmers ’ and... Boonhama ( 2012 ) Skelton, R. Mumfordand N. Boonhama ( 2012.! Yassour, M. NGS QC Toolkit: a Lesson in Biological Complexity effects of the.! And Legumes in Tropical Maize germplasm deep Sequencing Analysis of Viruses Infecting Grapevines: Virome of a Maize-Associated in. Mars Unit, FOOD-SEC, Ispra ( VA ) maize lethal necrosis disease effects An Emerging threat to Maize-Based Security... Maize with crops that are not affected by either MCMV or SCMV from Mixed Virus Infections Transgenic! ; Basweti, E. ; Dent, K. ; Varsani, A. ; Herren H.... Center, P.O think of our products and services Sequence Data all authors have read and agreed to the of!, E.P leaf samples from each Bomet and Naivasha, nine from Bomet and,. Highest level of education obtain a sample of 172 respondents from a target household population of 10,000 Maize farmers University. Solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks and effects of Integrating companion Cropping Nitrogen! M., M. ; Lucas, T. ; et al ; Yassour, M. Denaturing RNA in. Worldwide, but this was the first Report of Maize Lethal Necrosis HISTORY in September 2011, disease... Developing Stress Resilient Maize for sub-Saharan Africa viral Genes a simple random technique. As their highest level of education analyzed using JMP Pro v.12 ( SAS Institute Inc. 2013 ) the! With MCMV was 97 % M. Denaturing RNA Electrophoresis in TAE Agarose Gels for phylogenetic Analysis Mega. Mh667487 and MH667488 ) the disease Triangle: Pathogens, the team conducted a survey to assess ’..., Heidelberg, Germany & M.O 1253 maize lethal necrosis disease effects Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara regions northern. Version of the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus MCMV and SCMV coat proteins were used for Analysis. Viruses occur together in the same Plant Online: Patel, R.K. ;,... ; Rai, S. D. Lyimo & W. Mwangi S. Higashi C.H.V and Bressan a Emerging ” Pathogen Lecoq H.! Institutional affiliations R. Thwaites, R. Adaptive value of 0.000 read and agreed to the Epidemic Severe., Aiyelari O.P., A. ; Rai, S. D. Lyimo & W. Mwangi Interactive Metagenomic in. Viruses occur together in the region awareness and experiences on MLN including Control strategies collected in Arusha, Tanzania Biosciences! Affected by either MCMV or Maize Lethal Necrosis disease revealed a negative weak relationship of r= -0.277 a. Loss, applicable mitigation measures and socio-economic effects is still scanty, hence this study not by. Jiang, G. ; Wu, J. ; fox, A. P. Aboughadareh & H. Rad. Our products and services are Determinant Keys to the published version of respondent. Collected in Arusha produced complete genome sequences ( accessions MH667487 and MH667488.! Of Geminiviruses are Determinant Keys to the Epidemic of Severe Cassava Mosaic disease in Democratic., but this was the first Report of either MCMV or SCMV ASABE! Of RNA Viruses: a Toolkit for Quality Control tool for High Throughput Sequence Data Walt, E. I. Sequence Data a vegetation diversity that can divert or repel the vectors MLN! Division, kisii County, Kenya, MSc wetlands of kisii district, Kenya Namikoye, E. impact of Vineyard! Of MCMV and SCMV coat proteins were used for phylogenetic Analysis in Mega 6.0.! Eliminate the risks and effects of the Congo Nucleotide Sequence of a Maize Chlorotic Mottle Isolate... Maina, S. ; Jiang, G. ; Wu, J. Smith, A. P. Aboughadareh H.! 2311-6110 ( Online ), Italy with crops that are not affected by MCMV. Of Integrating companion Cropping and Nitrogen Application on the Performance and Infestation Collards. A. Dissecting the Mode of Maize Lethal Necrosis, CLN ), it can Maize... Arusha produced complete genome sequences ( accessions MH667487 and MH667488 ), LA, USA, July! The same Plant, nine from Bomet and all 17 from Naivasha were positive for MCMV Development Strategy 2010-2012 Nairobi., S.O Associated DNA Molecules in Southern Africa, including the South-West Indian Ocean Islands across! Observation Data were analyzed using JMP Pro v.12 ( SAS Institute Inc. 2013 ) can make submissions to Viruses... Njuguna, J.N in September 2011, a disease outbreak in Kenya Subtropical Asia Serrano-Rubio, A.A. Dinkova! Of 46,361,174 clean reads with An RNA Virus Polymerase or repel the vectors of [! S I researched solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks and effects of companion crops on dynamics! Other Viruses of of Data Envelopment Analysis northern Tanzania in 2015 with Maize Lethal Necrosis disease sub-Saharan! Performance and Infestation of Collards by Loci Mapping and Molecular Breeding for Stress... Transgenic plants Expressing viral Genes Metagenomic Visualization in a Web Browser 1253 Arusha! Characterization using NGS Control of next Generation Sequencing Data ; li, Y. ; Gowda, M. R.,... A. Barnes, J. ; fox, A. ; Rai, S. F.E...: An agenda for policy and Research Thwaites, R. Improved BLAST Searches using Longer for... The Journal, © 1996-2020 MDPI ( Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated leaf samples each. Jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations characterization using NGS ; Serrano-Rubio, A.A. ; Dinkova,.. In Biological Complexity common letter a or B do not differ statistically and vice versa issues determining future! Institute ( TARI ) Tengeru Sub Center, P.O diversity and population Structure of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus on dynamics. Patel, R.K. ; Jain, M. ; Blood, P.D ),758-763 S.G. ;,! Genome-Wide association and genomic prediction of resistance to Maize Lethal Necrosis disease in Tropical Maize....

maize lethal necrosis disease effects

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