username101@hostname101:~$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list No protocol specified Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (gedit:1840): Gtk-WARNING **: 16:45:37.936: cannot open display… Cannot open display: Run 'gedit --help' to see a full list of available command line options. su - > changes the PATH too... and root's home becomes your current working directory Last edited by stressat (2012-12-04 19:27:53) Home: Forums ... Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: :0 sudo gedit file2.txt & NOTE: I am running this script as sudo also, so in effect I sudo twice Use su (not su -), or sux, or sudo (sudo su, sudo -s, sudo -i). Whenever i try sudo gedit I get: Cannot open display: Run 'gedit --help' to see a full list of available command line options. Although this still may not  work if you're using Gnome on Wayland. After opening ssh connection to the remote host as explained above, you can open any GUI application which will open it without any issue. But whenever I try to use it, 2 out of 3 times, I get these kinds of errors: up vote 2 down vote favorite Clicking on “File” and selecting “Save” Close the document and check to see if the issue persists. Thank to yall Share 0. cannot open display: Run 'gedit --help' to see a full list of available command line options. Hi. 3. Reply. From Ubuntu 16.04 onward, the DISPLAY is no longer on :0.It is on a number which can vary depending on how many users are simultaneously logged in to the console. However, I can if I SU. From Ubuntu 16.04 onward, the DISPLAY is no longer on :0.It is on a number which can vary depending on how many users are simultaneously logged in to the console. If you open now for example the /etc/default/grub file from Nautilus/Files, Gedit/Texteditor will ask you for your password again. Open the file with “Notepad” or “Notepad++“. root@gizem-Lenovo-C260:~# xhost + sudo geany I get the response: Geany: Cannot open display. Re: Using gedit as root: "Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display:" Hi You should use gnomesu instead of sudo for running graphical gnome apps in root mode. I googled for three days but could not solve it. The most straightforward workaround is to use xhost to temporarily allow the root user to access the local user’s X session. Everytime I try the following message appears: [test@test ~]$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub No protocol specified Unable to init server: Verbindung ist gescheitert:Verbindungsaufbau abgelehnt (gedit:2363): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: :0 [testi@test ~]$ sudo nautilus . Gtk-WARNING **: Cannot open display: :0. sudo: unable to resolve host ethicalhackx No protocol specified Failed to connect to Mir: Failed to connect to server socket: No such file or directory Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (gedit:7697): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: :0 root@gizem-Lenovo-C260:~# export DISPLAY=’IP:192….’ I am wanting to use WLinux for running Linux apps on … How To Enable trusted X11 forwarding, by using the -Y option. Encontrei esta pergunta com o mesmo erro, mas sem solução Não foi possível iniciar o gedit com o sudo su > gives you root permissions but it does not change the PATH variable and current working directory. root) is not possible in the traditional way when using Wayland.However, you can go into Nautilus/Files and enter in the location bar (open it with ctrl+L): A password prompt will open, and after entering your password, you can browse and edit everything with root rights. - jasonwryanClosing -- for deletion; Banning -- for muppetry. access control disabled, clients can connect from any host By using the above command, I copied root's ownership of the X display to my user account. As this is my first post I should present myself. I found some similar answers here at LQ but none was similar to my situation or worked even when I tried. Implemented User Support. Viewed 68k times 4. What this means: (org.gnome.gedit:17349): Gtk-WARNING **: 20:18:25.529: cannot open display: ?? gedit : cannot open display. Yep that was it!!! Copy link Quote reply ghost commented Sep 30, 2018. Please let me know if I missed something or how I can open gedit as root. However, in some cases you may need to start a graphical application like nedit or firefox in a sudo or su context. You're likely running Xwindows under your account, but are trying to open the gedit session as root with the sudo command. How To Enable X11 forwarding Open GUI applications in that host. I suspect some SUDO issue with X-applications.. Will look further into the issue later, meanwhile any help is welcome. “cannot open display” with PuTTY. X11 uses the Xauth protocol to authenticate connecting clients. (gedit:12631): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: sudo gedit hadoop environment JIT. View 9 Replies View Related OpenSUSE :: Sudo Gedit Doesn't Work - Cannot Open Display Nov 7, 2010. That will make a copy of the file, that you can edit, open it in the editor of your choice, wait for you to finish editing it, and if you make changes to it, copy it back over the system file. Mine is a two/three year old Arch-gnome install, with GDM). jernej 188 Posted November 24, 2016. jernej. Can't run X applications in root - "cannot open display" Hi, I have a problem whenever I try to run X applications in root (gedit etc. If I run the command on the Pi, everything works as expected. To resolve the problem, you need to configure sudo to preserve the DISPLAY environment variable.. Add a configuration file to the /etc/sudoers.d directory, containing the following:. It doesn't work with a wayland session (default in 8), because the makers of wayland don't want you to run gui code as root. sux - wrapper around su which will transfer your X credentials. Active 2 years ago. (gedit:6135): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: Now you can edit this file with root rights. I have updated the apt-get gedit but Hi, with opensuse 11.1 (gnome desktop environment) I receive a strange message when trying to open a file, like fstab, with gedit. I am trying to edit a postinfo.xsl in my root file dir, and with the command: solitude@Solitude:~/Desktop$ sudo gedit ~/.bashrc error: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set in the environment. how I can open gedit as root. I ran the command: sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.listIt says that "Major 6:03 am Really good information. 3. I'm not running a Raspberry Pi, Last edited by tux1999 (2016-12-31 13:21:14). Google has not been very helpful, it returns results about a different issue where people can't launch apps as root from a normal user spawned X server. It's not only gedit that is going to fail but actually all programs that use the X11 protocol to talk to the graphics server. Warning: All of the following methods have security implications that users should be aware of. Although this … I've been stuck by variable (no help setting/exporting it manually). 1st and 2nd line went well 3rd line when I try to execute the command gedit user.reg (gedit:2573): Gtk-WARNING ** cannot open display I then /ies4linux/ie6# ls dosdevices(in blue) drive_c(in blue) system.reg(in white) userdef.reg(in green) user.reg Keep in mind, this admin:/// way only works with the GNOME environment, and therefore with GNOME applications.All other desktop environments do not have any way for the root thing yet. Defaults env_keep += "DISPLAY" If you don't need to run privacy critical applications like web browsers, you will be better off adding -E switch with sudo. Using gedit as root: "Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display:" I've been searching for a permanent solution for some time now, ... # sudo gedit /usr/bin/deadbeef [/QUOTE] Hi Use gnomesu or xdg-su commands instead. Open GUI applications in that host. Kris Adriaenssens asked on 2011-01-25. [SOLVED] Gedit: Unable to init server, cannot open display: :0, https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=153431. How To Enable Windows 10 Dark Theme in Anniversary Update, How To Remove Translation entries in APT on Linux, Hacking 101 : Hacking for Beginners [GUIDE], How to Hack Linux root Password ( Part 1 ), Linux File Permissions Explained : chmod : Part 1, Kali Linux 2019.1 Released – Download Now, Now you are able to run programs like gedit nautilus via. Discuss, Download Tools , PDfs and more @ethicalhackx Telegram Channel. Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (org.gnome.gedit:10997): Gtk-WARNING **: 11:40:37.730: cannot open display: $ pkexec gedit. After opening ssh connection to the remote host as explained above, you can open any GUI application which will open it without any issue. When you login through some kind of a display manager, a MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 authentication cookie is created and written into your ~/.Xauthority file. I can't open GUIs with sudo. Qualquer ajuda pessoal. It just shifted the brokeness one space to the right. Opening GUI Applications as root or sudo users in Linux often we see errors . If you still get the “cannot open display” error, set the DISPLAY variable as shown below. (I have always used 'sudo'. Every time I launch gedit with sudo, I get the following error: [xxxxxx@localhost ~]$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub [sudo] password for xxxxxx: No protocol specified Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (gedit:2412): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display… Subscribe to this blog. Eu preciso ter esse recurso para abrir arquivos no Gedit como root. OpenSUSE :: Gedit With Sudo - (gedit:7137): Gtk-WARNING : Cannot Open Display Feb 8, 2010. Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (org.gnome.gedit:10997): Gtk-WARNING **: 11:40:37.730: cannot open display: $ pkexec gedit. export NO_AT_BRIDGE=1 Entering the command; Click on “File” and select “Save“. $ export DISPLAY='IP:0.0' Then I rebooted, logged back into my account, and found that I can now sudo synaptic. But whenever I try to use the command gedit something (here something is a filename) I get this error: Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (gedit:48): Gtk-WARNING **: 21:03:26.729: cannot open display: It cannot open display. not able to open gedit as sudo user. I set-up my Sudo it works but when I use Gedit I get the following message Jean-Luc@localhost:~> sudo gedit /etc/fstab (gedit:7137): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: samething with /etc/sudoers If I use vi it's ok, I can modify and save. That will make a copy of the file, that you can edit, open it in the editor of your choice, wait for you to finish editing it, and if you make changes to it, copy it back over the system file. Re: [SOLVED] Gedit: Unable to init server, cannot open display: :0 You shouldn't use sudo for graphical applications, use gksudo instead. That's why you have to use sudoedit if you want to edit system configuration files with gedit. I've tried several possible solutions found on the internet but all without success. The following command will disable the access control, by which you can allow clients to connect from any host. Warning: All of the following methods have security implications that users should be aware of. Sudo gedit still works with 8 when you use an X session. the answer is: Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (gedit:16): Gtk-WARNING **: 11:04:53.373: cannot open display: I already installed the gedit with command sudo -apt gedit ( or some like this, i don't remember ). In a little more detail, you’d run something like. If that is the case you should ask on the Arch Linux ARM forum. Re: ssh -Y, gedit, Could not connect, cannot open display Post by tunk » Sat Dec 07, 2019 9:54 pm I don't know if it will make any difference, but you could try "ssh -X" instead of "ssh -Y". Regardless of the merits of following random instructions from the internet, /var/lib/dpkg/status is a file which I should be able to edit with gedit, but currently cannot. Last Modified: 2013-12-27. what am i doing wrong? Gtk- Warning: can’t open display Please give me solution for this. https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=153431, aur S & M :: forum rules :: Community EthosResources for Women, POC, LGBT*, and allies, No, "Pi" stands for the mathematical constant Pi. Here is simple step to solve this error by the xhost procedure, This xhost + allows clients to connect from any host using xhost +. gedit - cannot open display. @noammo graphical-applications-cant-be-run-as-root-in-wayland-eg-gedit-beesu-gparted-nautilus this not happen in Fedora 28 hhlp ( 2018-05-05 14:10:05 -0600 ) edit add a comment 'No protocol specified' 'cannot open display: :0'. Running applications under a different user (e.g. I have a bash script that opens two document in gedit in the background #Document will open fine sudo gedit file1.txt & ..... lots of code #documen (gedit:6540): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display… Although this … I have run gedit --help and have found nothing to help me open gedit. I am trying to edit a postinfo.xsl in my root file dir, and with the command: frank@linux-avnb:~> sudo gedit (gedit:14150): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: frank@linux-avnb:~> I get the following. For someone who probably will use an editor for simple tasks gedit is OK. Nano is also easy to use where vi and emacs are powerful but have a learning curve. After opening ssh connection to the remote host as explained above, you can open any GUI application which will open it without any issue. Is this on a Raspberry Pi? (gedit:8968): Gtk-WARNING **: 12:01:18.794: cannot open display: Não é permitido acesso gráfico ao root, geralmente o que você pode fazer é (se REALMENTE precisa rodar o gedit como root): $ gksu gedit … I guess you are using the Gnome Wayland Session. gedit test.py. Enter the following line into the file. That's why you have to use sudoedit if you want to edit system configuration files with gedit. If you still get the “cannot open display” error, set the DISPLAY variable as shown below. OpenSUSE :: Sudo Gedit Doesn't Work - Cannot Open Display Nov 7, 2010. Julian Winter. 6,496 Views. If I try to use "open with " from the context menu Geany lauches but doesn't open the file. By baev_al, November 23, 2016 in Allwinner H2 & H3. Can someone please help me? I installed gedit using "sudo apt install gedit". No, it didn't "fix" anything. (For now, lets say, 'gksu' is not an option) Regards I've installed gedit without any errors or warnings. Try xhost local: to allow any user from the local host to access the display, then try the command again. Ask Question Asked 7 years, 2 months ago. that kinda thing), they run fine as a normal user, but whenever i run them with sudo or in a root terminal, I get: For KDE it's kdesu so running gedit like this will most likely be successful : For KDE it's kdesu so running gedit like this will most likely be successful : The variable will be there. Tango Icons Gedit Cannot Open Display Putty suggestions on this challenge thanks. root@gizem-Lenovo-C260:~# export $DISPLAY Re: Using gedit as root: "Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display:" Hi You should use gnomesu instead of sudo for running graphical gnome apps in root mode. If I type: sudo gedit /etc/fstab after entered the password I obtain this: Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: - jasonwryan, Your hostname seems to be "Pi". As fruttenboel stated, the problem is that when you're logged in with your user account, the X display is owned by you, so root is not allowed to perform an X command. Re: [SOLVED] Gedit: Unable to init server, cannot open display: :0 You shouldn't use sudo for graphical applications, use gksudo instead. What makes up $17,500 Gedit Cannot Open Display Ssh danger/code violation is oversized breakers? When I tries to run gedit (or any other application like:nautilus) by pkexec gedit then It prompts for password for authentication:-After entering password it exit with error:-$ pkexec gedit error: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set in the environment. Running from the > command line, I get: > > No protocol specified > > (gedit:30084): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: :0.0 > > as I do when I try to run gedit in a root terminal. ... sudo apt-get install xrdp tightvncserver. I'm not sure what mistake I did in the Terminal, but I can't start gedit with sudo in the Terminal: It is still possible to start gedit via Terminal without sudo. Whenever i try sudo gedit I get: Cannot open display: Run 'gedit --help' to see a full list of available command line options. I was getting an error on my computer that said Gtk-WARNING **: Cannot open display: :0 This is the fix that I found and it works great. View 3 Replies View Related I set-up my Sudo it works but when I use Gedit I get the following message Jean-Luc@localhost:~> sudo gedit /etc/fstab (gedit:7137): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: samething with /etc/sudoers If I use vi it's ok, I can modify and save. … Comments. But whenever I try to use the command gedit something (here something is a filename) I get this error: Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (gedit:48): Gtk-WARNING **: 21:03:26.729: cannot open display: username101@hostname101:~$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list No protocol specified Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused (gedit:1840): Gtk-WARNING **: 16:45:37.936: cannot open display… 1. I'm not sure what's going on here, so I'd be very grateful to receive any tips! I cannot open any gui, like gedit, nautilus etc using SUDO. I have installed Ubuntu. Start new topic; Recommended Posts. Then just set it and export it. So it's nothing from the Openbox conf. It doesn't work with a wayland session (default in 8), because the makers of wayland don't want you to run gui code as root. More (hopefully useful) information. $ export DISPLAY='IP:0.0' Please let me know if I missed something or how I can open gedit as root. I am controlling my PI through my PC (wich is running Windows 7) using Putty to type in commands and tightvnc viewer to access the GUI. Another way is, to use the following into your terminal (its always the same pattern): You do not need to write sudo/su or anything else in front of it. Whenever i try sudo gedit I get: Cannot open display: Run 'gedit --help' to see a full list of available command line options. While doing ssh use the option -X to enable X11 forwarding. I am trying to edit the interface file but keep getting this error: gedit-4865 gtk warning cannot open display. from nautilus using the first method, the file opens with Libreoffice writer and not Geany. Thanks. Gtk-WARNING : Cannot open Display. All those mentioned editors are good. Gtk-WARNING : Cannot open Display. SUDO_EDITOR="gedit -w" sudoedit /etc/apt/sources.list This will: You shouldn't use sudo for graphical applications, use gksudo instead. Unix OS; 3 Comments. SUDO_EDITOR="gedit -w" sudoedit /etc/apt/sources.list This will: Defaults env_keep += "DISPLAY" If you still get the “cannot open display” error, set the DISPLAY variable as shown below. sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y && sudo apt-get upgrade -y && sudo apt-get ... Hi when I am trying to open gedit it is showing Unable to init server: could not connect: Connection refused. OpenSUSE :: Gedit With Sudo - (gedit:7137): Gtk-WARNING : Cannot Open Display Feb 8, 2010. bash: export: `IP:192…..’: is not a valid token, thank you so much; that was the only one who could help me. I've installed gedit without any errors or warnings. On Thu, Sep 30, 2010 at 4:37 PM, Patrick Wiseman wrote: > I have a menu item, 'sudo gedit', which has worked for years but just > stopped working (on a current testing system). X11-forwarding mechanism does not allow anyone to use the open display. Ubuntu: Cannot open display error when I run sudo gedit on Ubuntu 14.04.5Helpful? Gedit Cannot Open Display Centos Ask Ubuntu works best with JavaScript enabled current community blog chat Super User flag: Code: ssh -X [email protected] In Putty, there is a place for X11 Forwarding. baev_al 0 Posted November 23, 2016. 1 Solution. 5 comments Labels. access control disabled, clients can connect from any host. I decided to install the non-server version of Ubuntu 6.10 and then add the LAMP server applicaitons as this is pretty easy. Note: IP is the local workstation’s IP where you want the GUI application to be displayed. i just could not use gedit. Geany: cannot open display. OpenSUSE :: Gedit With Sudo - (gedit:7137): Gtk-WARNING : Cannot Open Display Feb 8, 2010. However I use geany as my default text editor. I am using OpenSuse 11.1 and i cant find a way to make sudo open X programs like gedit diego@linux-8mmd:~> sudo gedit No protocol specified (gedit:5500): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: :0.0 diego@linux-8mmd:~> sudo xhost +localhost I have run gedit --help and have found nothing to help me open gedit. not able to open gedit as sudo user. I set-up my Sudo it works but when I use Gedit I get the following message Jean-Luc@localhost:~> sudo gedit /etc/fstab (gedit:7137): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: samething with /etc/sudoers If I use vi it's ok, I can modify and save. Link to post Share on other sites. Last edited by tux1999 (2016-12-31 13:35:08). To resolve the problem, you need to configure sudo to preserve the DISPLAY environment variable.. Add a configuration file to the /etc/sudoers.d directory, containing the following:. If that works, you can refine it more to just allow root to access the display with xhost +SI:localuser:root It's related to sudo, and doesn't seem virt-manager specific since 'sudo gedit' fails as well Comment 2 Olivier Fourdan 2015-10-30 09:38:31 UTC Unlike Xorg being started from gdm, XWayland as started by the Wayland compositor(s) doesn't specify/use an Xauth file, I suspect this might be the problem here. Sudo gedit still works with 8 when you use an X session. In a little more detail, you’d run something like. I have a bash script that opens two document in gedit in the background #Document will open fine sudo gedit file1.txt & ..... lots of code #documen Help answer threads with 0 replies. pkexec is the replacement of gksu or gksudo AFAIK. T open display Nov 7, 2010 the GUI application to be displayed PDfs and more ethicalhackx... Using Gnome on Wayland the “ can not open display: run 'gedit -- help to! Straightforward workaround is to use xhost to temporarily allow the root user to access the variable., in some cases you may need to start a graphical application like nedit or firefox in little! Command, I copied root 's ownership of the following methods have security implications that users should be of. To help me open gedit ” and selecting “ Save ” Close the document and check see. More detail, you ’ d run something like hostname seems to be.! By baev_al, November 23, 2016 in Allwinner H2 & H3 in some cases may... I found some similar answers here at LQ but none was similar to my user.... Command again ownership of the following methods have security implications that users should be aware of,. Most straightforward workaround is to use xhost to temporarily allow the root user to access display! Uses the Xauth protocol to authenticate connecting clients, everything works as expected by... Tried several possible sudo gedit cannot open display found on the Arch Linux ARM forum connecting.... Access the display variable as shown below not sure what 's going on here, so 'd... Suggestions on this challenge thanks use the option -X to Enable X11 forwarding, by which can. Try to use `` open with `` from the local workstation ’ s IP where you want GUI. Help setting/exporting it manually ) $ export DISPLAY='IP:0.0' Yep that was it!!! On here, so I 'd be very grateful to receive any tips Save ” Close the document and to... Of gksu or gksudo AFAIK it does not allow anyone to use sudoedit if you get! *: 20:18:25.529: can ’ t open display ” error, set the display variable as shown below for... It did n't `` fix '' anything root or sudo users in Linux often we see errors warning All! Or gksudo AFAIK 20:18:25.529: can not open display error when I tried - jasonwryanClosing for. Last edited by tux1999 ( 2016-12-31 13:21:14 ) jasonwryanClosing -- for muppetry 've been stuck by variable no. The root user to access the local host to access the display variable as below! Gedit using `` sudo apt install gedit '' now for example the /etc/default/grub file Nautilus/Files. My default text editor around su which will transfer your X credentials 9 Replies Related. Preciso ter esse recurso para abrir arquivos no gedit como root to yall OpenSUSE:: sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.listIt that. The Arch Linux ARM forum this … I 've tried several possible solutions found the! Later, meanwhile any help is welcome with sudo - ( gedit:7137 ): Gtk-WARNING * *: 20:18:25.529 can... Could not solve it user to access the local user ’ s X session `` fix '' anything without! Any host NO_AT_BRIDGE=1 Entering the command again protocol to authenticate connecting clients the option -X to trusted. Without success help setting/exporting it manually ) use sudo for graphical Applications, use gksudo instead All of following. The response: Geany: can not open display Nov 7, 2010 Geany... Get the “ can not open display: run 'gedit -- help and have found to! Local workstation ’ s IP where you want to edit system configuration files with gedit was. If I missed something or how I can open gedit export DISPLAY='IP:0.0' Yep that was it!. Have run gedit -- help and have found nothing to help me open gedit for your password again Unable init... 13:21:14 ) para abrir arquivos no gedit como root Ssh use the open display please me... Non-Server version of Ubuntu 6.10 and then add the LAMP server applicaitons as this my. Applications as root MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 authentication cookie is created and written into your ~/.Xauthority.. Xauth protocol to authenticate connecting clients or sudo ( sudo su, sudo -s sudo! Often we see errors with sudo - ( gedit:7137 ): Gtk-WARNING * *: can not open display 7! Look further into the issue later, meanwhile any help is welcome mechanism does not the... Variable and current working directory opens with Libreoffice writer and not Geany line options situation or worked even I! Xauth protocol to authenticate connecting clients -X to Enable trusted X11 forwarding, by using the -Y option Nov! 6:03 am Really good information was similar to my situation or worked when. Not su - ), or sudo users in Linux often we see errors meanwhile any help is welcome root... Any tips to allow any user from the context menu Geany lauches but does n't Work - can open! -X to Enable trusted X11 forwarding, by using the first method, file! Not allow anyone to use xhost to temporarily allow the root user access! I ran the command: sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.listIt says that `` Major 6:03 am good! Gdm ) or worked even when I run sudo gedit ~/.bashrc error: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set in environment... Now for example the /etc/default/grub file from Nautilus/Files, Gedit/Texteditor will ask you your... Open now for example the /etc/default/grub file from Nautilus/Files, Gedit/Texteditor will ask you for your password again 've stuck... I can open gedit me solution for this, in some cases you may to! Meanwhile any help is welcome with 8 when you login through some kind a... Means: ( org.gnome.gedit:17349 ): Gtk-WARNING * *: can not open.., set the display variable as shown below gedit -- help ' to see a full list available... System configuration files with gedit is my first post I should present myself - jasonwryanClosing -- for deletion ; --!